The most common type of 304 stainless steel is the 188 or 188 steel, which constitutes 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Using uniaxial tensile and hardness testing, we evaluated the variability and anisotropy of the mechanical properties of an austenitic stainless steel, uns s17400, manufactured by an additive process, selective laser melting. Ss304 grade aisi 304 stainless steel properties, composition. Here are the physical and chemical properties of the 301, 302, and 304 stainless steel that we regularly stock including the free bend requirements for each alloy. Mechanical properties the mechanical properties are a measure of the metals response to an applied force. The knowledge of thermophysical properties of materials is essential for designing nuclear power plants npp.
Please contact us if you require special steel types other than those shown in the table. Mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel made by. The moduli of the martensitic stainless steels 29 x 106 psi 200 gpa are slightly less than the modulus of carbon steel 30 x 106 psi 207 gpa but are markedly higher than the moduli of other engineering materials, such as aluminum 10 x 106 psi 67 gpa. Minimum room temperature mechanical properties, astm a240 and a666 specifications. Stainless steel specifications, grades and properties. A characteristic property of austenitic stainless steel is that contrary to the heat treated steels, which are used for the prop erty classes 8. Because ss 304 contains 18% chromium cr and 8% nickel ni, its also known as 188 stainless steel. The annual world production of steel is approximately 400 million, and of this about. Austenitic stainless steels adding nickel to stainless steel in sufficient. Minimum mechanical properties for annealed types 316, 316l, 317 and 317l austenitic stainless steel plate. Strength yield strengtyield strength is the most common property that the designer will need as it is the basis used for most of the rules given in design codes. Ferritic steels contain trace amounts of nickel, 1217% chromium, less than 0. Alloy 347347h uns s34700, s34709 a columbium stabilized austenitic stainless steel with excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 8001500f 427816c alloy 347347h 0120.
Magnetic properties austenitic stainless steel fasteners are normally nonmagnetic. Astm a479 grade 316l annealed austenitic stainless steel. The datasheet and specification are summarized in the following tables including. Heat treatment in the 900f 482c range produces the highest strength. The lower carbon content minimizes chromium carbide precipitation due to welding and its susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. Naturally, the latter materials will not last as long as the former, but that is part of the design plan for those plants. Stainless steels 75 1450 nonferrous aluminium alloys 475 677 copper alloys 982 1082. Grade data, specifications and properties are inlcuded for stainless steel.
Since the structure has a decisive effect on properties, stainless steels have. Properties, production, examples and applications stainless steel is a class of ironbased alloys with a minimum chromium content of 10. Like wrought materials, the mechanical properties depend on the orientation introduced by the processing. Mechanical properties of stainless steels flat products. Use of stainless steel steel is unquestionably the dominating industrial constructional material. All stainless steels contain principally iron and a minimum of 10. The various types of stainless steel are identified and guidance given on welding processes and techniques which can be employed in fabricating stainless steel components without impairing the corrosion, oxidation and mechanical properties of the material or introducing defects into the weld.
Minimum mechanical properties for annealed types 302, 304, 304l, and 305 austenitic stainless steel plate, sheet and strip as required by astm specifications a 240 and asme specification sa240 are shown below. S355 steel is a structural steel with a specified minimum yield strength of 355 nmm. In european standards for structural carbon steels including weathering steel, the primary designation relates to the yield strength, e. Chemical content identification factors and composition standards p.
In order to assis t the reader in this selection, euro inox makes the following tables of technical properties available. Stainless steels for springs and other demanding applications. Material properties thermal conductivity widely divergent values of thermal conductivity for the same material are often reported in the literature. Even in the fully soft condition they have tensile strengths somewhat greater than that of mild steel. Stainless 316, 316l, 317, 317l united performance metals. Cryogenic material properties databasecryogenic material. Chemical composition of stainless steels flat products mechanical properties of stainless steels flat products physical properties of stainless steels the attached collection of data reflects inquiries directed to stainless steel development associations. Tables of technical properties international stainless steel. Material properties related with grain boundaries are expected to be improved by increasing frequency of csl boundaries and disruption of random boundary networks. Aisi 304 grade stainless steel uns s30400 aisi 304 stainless steel uns s30400 is the most commonly used material in stainless steels, and is usually purchased in an annealed or cold worked state. Well known stainless steel as well, with very high corrosion resistance, it is usually reserved to very aggressive. It is a complete revision of the design manual for structural stainless steel, which was prepared by the steel construction institute between 1989 and 1992 and published by euro inox in 1994.
Applications requiring moderate corrosion resistance and high mechanical. Heat treatment quenching, hardening, and other thermal modifications p. Where special steel properties are called for, we can tailor our products to meet specific customer demands. Other materials exhibit stressstrain curves considerably different from carbon steel although still highly nonlinear. May 20, 2005 the name stainless steel covers a variety of corrosion resistant steels. Jan 27, 2019 austenitic steels form the largest portion of the global stainless steel market and are often used in food processing equipment, kitchen utensils, and piping. The corrosion resistance of alloy 174ph is comparable to 304 stainless steel in most environments, and is generally superior to the 400 series stainless steels. Stainless steel metalcored wires are an excellent choice for flat and horizontal welding of long continuous seams where productivity can be maximized. Grade data, properties and applications are inlcuded for stainless steel. This results in hundreds of different grades of stainless steel that are covered by a range of national and international standards. It also contains the use of 174ph,such as it is commonly used in bars, sheet,plates, steel coils, steel pipes,forged and other materials application. The properties of structural steel result from both its chemical composition and its method of manufacture, including processing during fabrication.
Materials data book 2003 edition cambridge university engineering department. Functional products provide the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of stainless steel with lower cost than 2b and ba materials, because they are. Austenitic stainless steel, which is usually referred to as the 300 series, is ideally suited to laser welding, table 4. Care was taken to include as much information as possible about stainless steel flat products used throughout europe, for the informatio n of the user. Chemical and physical properties are in accordance with en 10088. Materials of construction 2205, 255, 2507, 2304, 6mo and clad thick plates in carbon steel lined with rubber fiberglass and stebbins tile rectangular type scrubber using stiffeners and thin plates in.
Thermomechanically treatment to optimize the grain boundary character distribution gbcd in 304 austenitic stainless steel has been established in a previous study 3. May 20, 2005 stainless steel is the name for a family of corrosion resistant steels. Stainless steel is defined as an ironcarbon alloy with a maximum of 1,2% carbon and minimum of 10,5% chromium, necessary to ensure the buildup of a selfhealing surface layer passive layer which provides the corrosion resistance and make it very durable. The physical and mechanical properties of stainless steels are quite. A multipurpose austenitic heat resistant stainless steel. In some instances type 304 can be used in the aswelded condition. World consumption of various materials in the middle of the 1980s. Duplex stainless steels microstructure properties and applications. High ductility, excellent drawing, forming, and spinning properties. Stainless steel is the term used to describe an extremely versatile family of engineering materials, which are selected primarily for their corrosion and heat resistant properties. Pdf duplex stainless steels microstructure properties.
It has excellent forming and welding characteristics. Units of strain are inin for us customary and mm for s. Even if its not listed here, we might have what you need. Hardness varies in a similar manner, from relatively soft annealed austenitic stainless steel to extremely hard martensitic material such as that used for razor blades or ball bearings. Essentially nonmagnetic, becomes slightly magnetic when cold worked. In recent years, nitrogen is added to stainless steels instead of nickel to improve mechanical. The property of most interest is modulus of elasticity. Type 304 has good processability, weldability, corrosion resistance, heat. Stainless 302, 304, 304l, 305 united performance metals. However after cold working some ability to be magnetized may be evident. Stainless steel has different corrosion properties which includes being noncorrosive, rustresistant steel, which is simply designated as stainless steel. It is characterised by its superior resistance to corrosion in comparison to other steels. Mechanical properties along with alloy strength, consider hardness, fatigue, impact and stressrupture properties.
In 19 sheffield, england, harry brearley was investigating the development of new steel alloys for use in gun barrels. Fabcor er308lsi austenitic wire used to join 301, 302, 304, 304l and 308 stainless steels. The right choice of steel type will limit the permeability that is the rate of penetration in a magnetic field to below 1. Our fully integrated mills include all stages in the manufacturing process. It also contains the use of sus304,such as it is commonly used in bars, sheet,plates, steel coils, steel pipes,forged and other materials application. The aisi stopped being involved because it never wrote any of the specifications. En 1 jindal stainless indias largest stainless steel. Euro inox makes the following tables of technical properties available. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics.
Reference is often made to stainless steel in the singular sense as if it were one material. For more information, please check 304 vs 316 stainless steel. Three general classifications are used to identify stainless steels. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect. Minimum mechanical properties for annealed types 316, 316l, 317 and 317l austenitic stainless steel plate, sheet and strip as required by astm specifications a240 and asme specification sa240, are shown below. Stainless strip and wire to meet the needs of a variety of applications, we offer a wide range of steel grades with different properties. Standard martensitic grade for lowduty hardened applications. Engineering handbook steelmaking basic descriptions of making carbon, alloy, stainless, and tool steel p. In comparison with aluminium, stainless steel is approximately 3 times heavier. Aisi standard precipitation hardening stainless steels in solution treated.
Austenitic stainless steel has a thermal conductivity of one third of carbon steel and is a superior absorber of laser. The annual world production of steel is approximately 400 million, and of this about 2% is stainless. Stainless steels specifications, grades and properties. Stainless steels introduction to grades, properties and. The attached collection of data reflects inquiries directed to. Datasheet for steel grades stainless steel sus304 sus304 standard number. It must be realised that many material properties such as toughness vary between wide limits. Corrosion resistance the primary driver for specifying a stainless steel basically, candidate materials must resist corrosion in the service environment 2. Astms steel standards are instrumental in classifying, evaluating, and specifying the material, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of the different types of steels, which are primarily used in the production of mechanical components, industrial parts, and construction elements, as well as other accessories related to them. Aisi 304l is the low carbon version of 304 stainless steel, aisi 316 is better than grade 304 in certain properties, corrosion resistance and heat resistance, etc. This new edition takes into account advances in understanding in the structural behaviour.
Stainless steel is not a single material but the name for a family of corrosion resistant steels. Prior to 1995 the aisi was also involved, and the standard was designated the aisisae steel grades. It is magnetic in both the annealed and hardened conditions. These were chosen as some of the most common materials used in cryogenic systems in a variety of fields. But stainless steels are not all the same, different grades exist and have different mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Similar but not identical mechanical properties are specified in en 10088. Am 350 precipitation hardening alloy s35000 is a chromiumnickelmolybdenum precipitation hardening stainless steel used for applications requiring high strength and excellent weldability along with corrosion resistance. Ak steel type 410 is a martensitic stainless steel that provides excellent corrosion resistance plus high strength and hardness. Product standards define the limits for composition, quality and performance and these limits are used or presumed by structural designers. Properties of stainless super austenitic pm material made. High hardness and toughness grade, primarily for shafting. Properties of stainless steels the physical and mechanical properties of stainless steels are quite different from those of commonly used nonferrous alloys such as aluminum and copper alloys.
The stainless steels offer a remarkable range of strengths. Like many scientific discoveries the origins of stainless steel lies in a serendipitous accident. New uses are being continuously found for the attractive appearance, low maintenance and strength of stainless steel. Introduction to stainless steels asm international. However, when comparing the various stainless families with carbon steels, many similarities in properties exist, although there are some key differences. Tables of technical properties of stainless steels flat products the selection of the appropriate stainless steel grade for each applic ation is the result of variou s considerations. Well known stainless steel grade, very close to the 201 grade but with lower mechanical properties. Types 302 s30200, 304s30400, 304l s30403, and 305 s30500 stainless steels are variations of the 18 percent chromium 8 percent nickel austenitic alloy, the most familiar and most frequently used alloy in the stainless steel. Datasheet for steel grades stainless steel 174ph 174ph standard number. Typical uses include exhaust manifolds, furnace parts, heat exchangers. Austenitic 300 series stainless steel filler metals. The name stainless steel covers a variety of corrosion resistant steels.
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